CanCer-666: lung cancer

Lung Cancer Treatments

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibdavdlnCnjqH0s8yyQ8qx0SxKLL_md0wPgTMNgl4L3Ynf2Zwf7ivznX8okFl1KoU_t82kgL4sXLB33CthRCWBT4I57vnBQ9BEiOepgO3jDpOb-ORQRJKP_dVrLgRhyphenhyphenPbWyvIixipmTV8/s1600/Lung+Cancer+Treatments.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibdavdlnCnjqH0s8yyQ8qx0SxKLL_md0wPgTMNgl4L3Ynf2Zwf7ivznX8okFl1KoU_t82kgL4sXLB33CthRCWBT4I57vnBQ9BEiOepgO3jDpOb-ORQRJKP_dVrLgRhyphenhyphenPbWyvIixipmTV8/s200/Lung+Cancer+Treatments.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are many <b>lung cancer treatments</b> available for lung cancer. These vary depending upon the type of lung cancer and stage. The goal of lung cancer treatment is different for different patients. For patients who have a chance of a cure, doctors offer curative treatments. Curative treatments are any treatments whose goal is to cure the cancer, to make it disappear.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Even if doctors can't cure a person's lung cancer, they can give treatments to help him feel more comfortable— these are called palliative treatments. Palliative treatments are any treatments that try to improve a person's symptoms. They do not try to cure the lung cancer, but the do try to keep it at bay. No matter what stage a person's lung cancer is at, doctors can do things to help them feel more comfortable.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Different treatments work for different types of lung cancer</i>. To decide on treatment for a particular patient, doctors look at:</div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">the type of cancer the patient has</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">the patient's age and overall health</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">the stage the lung cancer is at — whether it has spread to other parts of the body</li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;">After looking at those things, doctors may recommend one or more of these treatments:</div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">surgery</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">chemotherapy</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">radiation therapy</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">targeted therapies</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">photodynamic therapy</li>
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>1. Surgery</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">When lung cancer (especially non-small cell lung cancer) is caught before it has spread beyond the lungs, surgery can often be curative. The three procedures performed commonly to remove lung cancer include:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul><li><i>Wedge resection</i> – the tumor and some surrounding tissue is removed</li>
<li><i>Lobectomy</i> – a lobe of the lung is removed</li>
<li><i>Pneumonectomy</i> – an entire lung is removed</li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;">Common side effects of surgery are infection, bleeding, and shortness of breath, depending on lung function prior to surgery and the amount of lung tissue removed.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2. Chemotherapy</b></span><br />
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Both oral and intravenous anti-cancer drugs are available to treat lung cancer. These drugs are used to kill rapidly growing cancer cells. The side effects typically encountered occur when the drugs kill rapidly dividing non-cancerous cells, such as hair follicles (resulting in hair loss,) and stomach lining (causing nausea and vomiting.) Sometimes chemotherapy is given as adjuvant therapy, used along with surgery to catch cancer cells that may have spread microscopically. Most of the time, chemotherapy is given as a palliative therapy, to improve survival time and decrease symptoms.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>3. Radiation Therapy</b></span><br />
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Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays applied from outside the body to kill cancer cells. It is often combined with chemotherapy. Common side effects can include redness and irritation of the skin where the radiation is given, and fatigue.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>4. Targeted Therapies</b></span><br />
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Targeted therapies are a <u>newer treatment for certain kinds of non–small cell lung cancer</u> (NSCLC). They come as a pill you take once a day. In Canada, two targeted therapies have been approved for non–small cell lung cancer treatment, gefitinib (Iressa©) and erlotinib (Tarceva©).<br />
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Gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) belong to a group of medicines called "growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors". They prevent the activation of a protein called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that spans the outer wall of cells. Normally, activation of EGFR protein sends signals to the inside of cells to make them divide. Gefitinib and erlotinib interfere with this protein. This helps stop the cancer cells from growing and spreading.<br />
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Gifitinib and erlotinib will work best in people whose cancer cells have specific genetic mutation, called “activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase” (“EGFR-TK” for short). However, these targeted medicines are used in cancer patients who have the mutation and those whose mutational status is unknown (who have not been tested for the mutation).<br />
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Erlotinib hydrochloride (Tarceva) is for adults with non-small cell lung cancer at an advanced stage:<br />
<ul><li>who have tried chemotherapy, but the chemotherapy did not help stop the cancer</li>
<li>whose cancer has the activating mutations of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK).</li></ul><br />
Gefitinib (Iressa) was first approved for adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were not helped by other treatments. It has also recently been approved in Canada for the initial (first-line) treatment of adult patients who are nonsmokers or previous light smokers who have the adenocarcinoma type of non-small cell lung cancer and whose cancer:<br />
<ul><li>has spread around the lungs or to other parts of the body (metastasized)</li>
<li>has the activating mutations of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK).</li></ul><br />
Currently, provincial health plans and private plans do not cover the cost of gefitinib (Iressa) as first-line treatment, and hospitals do not usually test patients to see if they have the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) mutation.<br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>5. Photodynamic Therapy</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">With photodynamic therapy, you're injected with a special medicine that gets absorbed by cancer cells. Then doctors shine a high-energy laser light on you, which activates the medicine and helps it destroys the cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy can be used to treat some cases of early-stage <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/2013/11/lung-cancer-treatments.html">lung cancer</a>. It can also be used to help relieve symptoms of a blocked airway (airways are the breathing tubes in your lungs).</div></div>

Lung Cancer Treatments

There are many lung cancer treatments available for lung cancer. These vary depending upon the type of lung cancer and stage. The goal of l...

Spread of the Lung Cancer

ancorez lung cancer 5:12 AM

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<b>Lung cancer</b> can spread to nearly any region of the body, but the most common areas are the adrenal glands, bones, brain, liver, and lymph nodes.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lung Cancer Spread to the Adrenal Glands</span></b></div>
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Lung cancer spread to the adrenal glands (small glands that sit on top of the kidneys and produce hormones), does not usually cause any symptoms, and is most often discovered incidentally when a scan is done to stage cancer.</div>
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Treatment with chemotherapy for the cancer may be helpful. In a very small number of people who were able to have their lung cancer removed and had only one spot in one of the adrenal glands, surgery to remove the adrenal gland and adrenal metastases has resulted in long-term survival.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Lung Cancer Spread to the Bones</b></span></div>
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Roughly 30 to 40% of people with advanced lung cancer have spread (metastases) to bones. The most common bones to be affected are the spine (especially the vertebrae in the chest and lower abdominal area), the pelvis, and the upper bones of the arms and legs (humerus and femur). Lung cancer is also somewhat unique in that it can spread to the hands and feet.</div>
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The most common symptom of bone metastases is pain. Often the pain begins gradually, feeling like a muscle pull or strain, and progresses to more severe pain. Due to weakening of the bone from the tumor, some people develop fractures (pathological fractures) that occur with minimal trauma or even during normal daily activities.</div>
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If lung cancer spreads to the spine, it may put pressure on the spinal cord (spinal cord compression). This may cause weakness or tingling in your legs or difficulty walking. Cancers that metastasize to bone may also breakdown bone releasing calcium into the blood (hypercalcemia) causing symptoms of confusion, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite among others.</div>
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Tests to look for bone metastases may include a bone scan, PET scan, CT or MRI. The primary goal of treatment of bone metastases is to reduce pain and to repair or prevent fractures that occur. Options include pain medication, radiation therapy, medications to try to prevent the breakdown of bone, and surgery to stabilize bones.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lung Cancer Spread to the Brain</span></b></div>
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<i>Lung cancer</i> is the most common cancer that spreads to the brain, and at least 40% of people with advanced lung cancer will develop brain metastases sometime during their disease. Both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer can spread to the brain. Small cell lung cancer can spread to the brain rapidly, often before a diagnosis is even made. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), a type of radiation therapy, may be used to attempt to prevent this from occurring.</div>
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Lung cancer that has spread to the brain can cause symptoms both by destroying brain tissue, and by creating inflammation and swelling that places pressure on structures in the brain. In roughly a third of people, no symptoms are present.</div>
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Common symptoms can include headaches, seizures, loss of balance and coordination, difficulty with speaking, vision changes, loss of memory and personality changes, weakness on one side of the body, and fatigue. Lung cancer metastatic to the brain is usually diagnosed with either a CT scan or an MRI of the brain.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lung Cancer Spread to the Liver</span></b></div>
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<u>Lung cancer</u> that has spread to the liver may not cause any symptoms, and is often discovered when a test, such as a CT scan, are done to look for spread of your cancer. When symptoms are present, they may include pain under your ribs on the right side of your body, loss of appetite, and nausea. If there are many tumors in your liver or if the metastases are large enough to obstruct ducts in your liver, you may develop jaundice (a yellow coloring of your skin and the whites of your eyes).</div>
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Tests that are done to look for spread of lung cancer to the liver may include an abdominal ultrasound, a CT scan of your abdomen, or a PET scan.</div>
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Treatment is usually chemotherapy designed to treat the primary cancer as well. In rare cases if only a single tumor or a few tumors are present, surgery may be recommended to remove the tumors. Sometimes a procedure called embolization may be recommended as well. This is a procedure that stops the blood flow to part of the liver so cancer cells that are present can’t survive.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Lung Cancer Spread to the Lymph Nodes</b></span></div>
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Most lung cancers first spread to lymph nodes in the chest near the tumor. As cancer progresses, cancer cells can travel to areas in the chest further from the initial tumor, and then on to other regions of the body.</div>
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Most of the time, spread of lung cancer to the lymph nodes doesn’t cause any symptoms. When these cancers extend to lymph nodes beyond the lungs, you may notice a lump in your neck or your armpit, similar (but usually firmer) to the swollen glands you may have had in the past with a sore throat.</div>
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Treatment is usually chemotherapy, unless the lymph nodes that are involved are near the initial tumor and can be removed with surgery.</div>
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While the regions above are the most common sites for <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/2013/11/spread-of-lung-cancer.html">lung cancer</a> metastases, lung cancer has on occasion spread to the stomach, small and large intestines, the pancreas, the eye, the skin, the kidney, and even the breast.</div>
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Spread of the Lung Cancer

Lung cancer can spread to nearly any region of the body, but the most common areas are the adrenal glands, bones, brain, liver, and lym...

Early Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez lung cancer 10:28 AM

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<a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">Lung cancer</a> often doesn’t cause any symptoms in its early stages. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include:</div>
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<li>A Cough That Doesn’t Go Away</li>
<li>Any Abnormal Symptoms or a General Decline in Health</li>
<li>Pain or Aching in Your Shoulder, Back, Chest, or Arm</li>
<li>Repeated Infections Such as Bronchitis and Pneumonia</li>
<li>Shortness of Breath With Activity</li>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A Cough That Doesn’t Go Away</span></div>
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Many people dismiss or adapt to a chronic cough, attributing it to something else. Perhaps it is allergies, a “leftover” cough following a cold, or dry air during the winter months. But a cough that lasts more than a few weeks can be a sign of something else. A chronic cough as an <b>early symptom of lung cancer</b> is even easier to miss if you have a condition that predisposes you to coughing, such as asthma, COPD, allergies, or gastroesophageal reflux. Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) is a common symptom of lung cancer, but can be fairly subtle and you may notice only a small amount of blood tinged phlegm when you cough. If you experience a persistent cough, check with your doctor, and ask for a second opinion if you don’t get a clear answer.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Any Abnormal Symptoms or a General Decline in Health</span></div>
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If you note any symptoms which are unusual for you, it is important to check with you doctor, especially if you have a history of smoking. Seemingly unrelated symptoms, such as knee pain, may be an <i>early symptom of lung cancer</i>. General symptoms, such as fatigue, decreased appetite, or even depression should prompt you to seek a physicians guidance, too.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Pain or Aching in Your Shoulder, Back, Chest, or Arm</span></div>
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Lung cancers may press on nerves, resulting in pain in your shoulder, chest, back, or an arm -- even before they cause a cough or difficulty breathing. If you notice pain in one of these areas of the body that doesn’t seem to be related to an injury (or even if it is but persists), consult your physician. Up to 50% of people with lung cancer have some chest or shoulder pain at the time of diagnosis, especially pain that increases with coughing and breathing.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Repeated Infections Such as Bronchitis and Pneumonia</span></div>
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It’s not uncommon for someone to discover that they have lung cancer after being treated for repeated episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia. If a tumor is located near an airway, it can cause an obstruction that predisposes you to these infections. If you have had a few episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia, talk to your doctor. Repeated infections could be due to persistent smoking or a condition such as COPD, but they could also be an early symptom of lung cancer.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Shortness of Breath With Activity</span></div>
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Another common <u>early symptom of lung cancer</u> is shortness of breath that you only notice with activity. This can be overlooked and blamed on getting older, being out-of-shape, or perhaps due to those few extra pounds you've gained. If you notice that you are hesitant to take that hike, become winded with sexual activity, or blame the humidity for making it more difficult to breathe, make an appointment to talk to your doctor.</div>
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Early Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer often doesn’t cause any symptoms in its early stages. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include: A Cough That Doesn’t Go ...

The Risk Of Lung Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez lung cancer 9:36 AM

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Most scientists agree that these things affect the risk of <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">lung cancer</a>.</div>
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<li>Age</li>
<li>Air pollution</li>
<li>Family history</li>
<li>Fruits and vegetables</li>
<li>Second-hand smoke</li>
<li>Tobacco use: cigarettes</li>
<li>Tobacco use: cigars and pipes</li>
<li>Workplace chemicals</li>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Age</span></div>
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The risk of lung cancer goes up with age. Rates of the disease are low in people under 40; they then increase significantly from age 40 until after 75.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Air pollution </span></div>
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People who live in a big city for 10 or more years have a slightly higher risk of lung cancer. This is most likely due to pollutants in the air, like car exhaust and factory emissions, that cause damage to the cells in the lungs and airways. </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Family history</span></div>
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People who have a close relative (father, mother, brother or sister) with lung cancer have a higher risk of the disease. This is because some cases of lung cancer are linked to mutations in the genetic structure (DNA) of the body's cells that can be passed from generation to generation.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Fruits and vegetables</span></div>
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People who eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day have a lower risk of lung cancer. Scientists don’t know exactly which factors provide the protection because fruits and vegetables contain many different combinations of healthy elements like antioxidants.</div>
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1 serving is:</div>
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<li>1 cup of raw leafy greens like lettuce or spinach</li>
<li>1 medium-sized piece of fruit or 1/2 cup of small or cut-up fruit</li>
<li>1/2 cup of cooked beans or peas</li>
<li>1/2 cup of other vegetables, raw or cooked</li>
<li>1/4 cup of dried fruit</li>
<li>3/4 cup of 100% fruit juice</li>
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People who eat fruits and vegetables also have a lower risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Second-hand smoke</span></div>
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People who are exposed to second-hand smoke (the smoke from other people’s cigarettes, cigars and pipes) have a higher risk of <b>lung cancer</b>, even if they don’t smoke themselves. Second-hand smoke contains dangerous chemicals that damage the genetic structure (DNA) of your body's cells, and this damage can lead to cancer.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Tobacco use: cigarettes</span></div>
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Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer, and we know that people who quit smoking can cut their risk of developing this deadly disease. Soon after quitting, the risk begins to drop.</div>
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People who smoke cigarettes have a much higher risk of lung cancer. In fact, 90% of people who get lung cancer are smokers. Cigarette smoke contains dangerous chemicals that damage the genetic structure (DNA) of the cells in the lungs and airways, and this damage can lead to cancer. The more a person smokes, the higher the risk of lung cancer.</div>
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Taking beta-carotene supplements can further boost lung cancer risk in smokers. So most smokers should avoid the supplement. Talk to a doctor if you have any questions about your risk.</div>
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In addition to lung cancer, people who smoke also have a higher risk of many other types of cancer, including leukemia and cancers of the lip, mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, stomach, and pancreas. Smokers also have a higher risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, bone loss (osteoporosis), emphysema, and bronchitis!</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Tobacco use: cigars and pipes</span></div>
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People who smoke cigars (even if they don't inhale) also have a higher risk of cancers of the voice box, esophagus and oral area (lip, mouth, tongue and throat). And they have a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.</div>
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People who smoke cigars or pipes have a higher risk of lung cancer than non-smokers. Like cigarette smoke, cigar and pipe smoke contains dangerous chemicals that damage the genetic structure (DNA) of the body’s cells, and this damage can lead to cancer. The more a person smokes, the higher the risk of lung cancer.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Workplace chemicals</span></div>
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Workplace chemicals linked to lung cancer include asbestos, radon and chromium. Processes like arsenic smelting are also linked to lung cancer.</div>
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People who are exposed to certain workplace chemicals have a higher risk of lung cancer. This is because some chemicals can damage the genetic structure (DNA) in the body's cells, and this damage can lead to cancer.</div>
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In addition, taking beta-carotene supplements can further boost lung cancer risk in people exposed to workplace chemicals. So most people exposed to such chemicals should avoid the supplement. Talk to a doctor if you have any questions about your risk.</div>
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Other risk factors</h3>
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Some other things increase lung cancer risk, but they increase the risk far less than smoking.  They are:</div>
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<li>Exposure to radon gas</li>
<li>Lowered immunity</li>
<li>Past cancer treatment</li>
<li>Previous lung disease</li>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Exposure to radon gas</span></div>
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Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep out of the soil into buildings. This is more likely in certain parts of the UK where there is a lot of granite, for example in the West Country and the Peak District. Radon is the second biggest cause of <i>lung cancer</i> after smoking. The risk from radon increases the risk from smoking. Smokers with high indoor levels of radon have a particularly high risk of getting lung cancer. If you are worried about this, the Health Protection Agency - Radiation Protection Division has information on how to check radon levels in your house.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Lowered immunity</span></div>
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HIV and AIDs lower immunity and so do drugs that people take after organ transplants. An overview of research studies shows that people with HIV or AIDS have a risk of lung cancer that is 3 times higher than people who do not have HIV or AIDS. People who take drugs to suppress their immunity after an organ transplant have double the usual risk of lung cancer.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Past cancer treatment</span></div>
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There is some evidence that particular cancer treatments might increase your risk of lung cancer. Researchers in Sweden looked at the medical records of 140,000 breast cancer patients. They found that there seemed to be an increased risk of lung cancer between 5 and 20 years after breast cancer treatment. They think this may be due to smoking after having had radiotherapy to the chest. This is backed up by the results of two studies showing particularly high risks of lung cancer in women who smoked and had radiotherapy for a previous breast cancer. The studies found no increase in risk in non smokers treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer.</div>
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Treatment for other types of cancer has also been linked to a slightly increased risk of lung cancer years later. People who have had treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, some types of non Hodgkin's lymphoma, or testicular cancer may have an increased risk of lung cancer. But it is important to remember that having any of these cancers is a much greater risk to your health than the slight increase in cancer risk from treatment. It is most important to get the treatment you need at the time. In some of this research, lung cancer risk seems to be increased even more in smokers, so if you have had radiotherapy to your chest it is very important not to smoke.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Previous lung disease</span></div>
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Having had a disease that caused scarring in the lungs may be a risk factor for a type of lung cancer called adenocarcinoma of the lung. Tuberculosis (TB) can make scar tissue form in the lungs. A recent study in China showed that people who have had TB have a higher risk of lung cancer.</div>
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Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause chest infections. Some studies have shown that people with antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae have an increased risk of lung cancer. The antibodies show that these people have had this infection. But other studies have not shown an increased risk so we don't know for sure whether chlamydia pneumoniae can cause <u>lung cancer</u>.</div>
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The Risk Of Lung Cancer

Most scientists agree that these things affect the risk of lung cancer . Age Air pollution Family history Fruits and vegetables Se...

Definition and Description of Lung Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez lung cancer 4:33 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><h1>Definition</h1><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7pg-a_5IGW1-J7WD4RshsjBV4r3gMygx-h9mG6J4aRwF2oQllL2txkOL5lHBdzotL07Cel3Vu1Hr9LeXG4VdIhGL6uZ1Yzdi3UdLbYnFBDFqGa2YZz5_zjFZ8IlKdzi-HdCnJAOQXlk5-/s1600/Definition+and+Description+of+Lung+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7pg-a_5IGW1-J7WD4RshsjBV4r3gMygx-h9mG6J4aRwF2oQllL2txkOL5lHBdzotL07Cel3Vu1Hr9LeXG4VdIhGL6uZ1Yzdi3UdLbYnFBDFqGa2YZz5_zjFZ8IlKdzi-HdCnJAOQXlk5-/s320/Definition+and+Description+of+Lung+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a>The definition of lung cancer is a <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a> (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become abnormal, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control.<br />
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A malignant (cancerous) lung tumor is distinguished from a benign (non- cancerous) lung tumor in that it can spread (metastasize) to areas of the body distant from the original tumor.<br />
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It is important to distinguish primary lung cancer from other forms of cancer that may spread to the lungs. Primary lung cancer begins in the lungs, but may spread to other regions of the body. If it spreads to the brain, it would be referred to as lung cancer metastatic to the brain. Likewise, if a cancer begins in the breast and spreads to the lungs, it would be referred to as breast cancer metastatic to the lungs.<br />
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<h2>Description</h2><br />
Lung cancer is divided into two main types: small cell and non-small cell. Small cell lung cancer is the least common of the two, accounting for only about 20% of all lung cancers. In the past, the disease was called oat cell cancer because, when viewed under a microscope, the cancer cells resemble oats. This type of lung cancer grows quickly and is more likely to spread to other organs in the body.<br />
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The lungs are located along with the heart in the chest cavity. The lungs are not simply hollow balloons, but have a very organized structure consisting of hollow tubes, blood vessels, and elastic tissue. The hollow tubes, called bronchi, are multi-branched, becoming smaller and more numerous at each branching. They end in tiny, blind sacs made of elastic tissue called alveoli. These sacs are where the oxygen a person breathes in is taken up into the blood, and where carbon dioxide moves out of the blood to be breathed out.<br />
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Normal, healthy lungs are continually secreting mucus that not only keeps the lungs moist, but also protects the lungs by trapping foreign particles like dust and dirt in breathed air. The inside of the lungs is covered with small, hair-like structures called cilia. The cilia move in such a way that mucus is swept up out of the lungs and into the throat.<br />
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Small cell lung tumors usually start to develop in the central bronchi. They grow quickly and prevent the lungs from functioning at their full capacity. Tumors may block the movement of air through the bronchi in the lungs. As a result, less oxygen gets into the blood and patients feel short of breath. Tumors may also block the normal movement of mucus into the throat. As a result, mucus builds up in the lungs and infection may develop behind the tumor.<br />
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Lung cancer is a growing global epidemic. Worldwide, lung cancer is the second most common cancer among both men and women and is the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. The worldwide mortality rate for patients with lung cancer is 86%. Of the 160,000 deaths from lung cancer that occur annually in the United States, about 40,000 are caused by small cell lung cancer. Although there are differences in mortality rates between ethnic groups, this is mainly due to differences in smoking habits.</div></div>

Definition and Description of Lung Cancer

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