CanCer-666: colon cancer

The Survival Rates for Colon Cancer

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhHuoEwbFxpMhw2-yULhaacttq60mCEOZE8n_4BLvsC0HnSk4UTvgq8g3Tvv0lNzfenlhbgFUt1KDycr9455wGDnHG6lNtxfZw1ashwmPC8UwErmkkHIw81nCiCJSogNcQVMztkybGuTK-/s1600/The+Survival+Rates+for+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhHuoEwbFxpMhw2-yULhaacttq60mCEOZE8n_4BLvsC0HnSk4UTvgq8g3Tvv0lNzfenlhbgFUt1KDycr9455wGDnHG6lNtxfZw1ashwmPC8UwErmkkHIw81nCiCJSogNcQVMztkybGuTK-/s200/The+Survival+Rates+for+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="200" /></a>Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a person's prognosis (outlook). Some patients may want to know the survival statistics for people in similar situations, while others may not find the numbers helpful, or may even not want to know them.<br />
<br />
The 5-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients who live at least 5 years after their cancer is diagnosed. Of course, many people live much longer than 5 years (and many are cured).<br />
<br />
In order to get 5-year survival rates, doctors have to look at people who were treated at least 5 years ago. Improvements in treatment since then may result in a more favorable outlook for people now being diagnosed with colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a>.<br />
<br />
Survival rates are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had the disease, but they cannot predict what will happen in any particular person's case. Knowing the type and the stage of a person's cancer is important in estimating their outlook. But many other factors may also affect a person's outlook, such as the grade of the cancer, the genetic changes in the cancer cells, and how well the cancer responds to treatment. Even when taking these other factors into account, survival rates are at best rough estimates.</div></div>

The Survival Rates for Colon Cancer

Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a person's prognosis (outlook). Some patients may want to know ...

Treatment of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 3:20 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7MmNi-P_9OnfKy9_CbZaNU2tZbwI7xr2hem9Vz8yRFd98-nf6S0f9ejB38d2XVPUNeGaptyrv_lg0MrA2qMsU8jW2KtQtzTR0UUCT1Qcgws26TgadaSGb-RzTC2WIQGhwfwWLTM-dxAf/s1600/Treatment+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7MmNi-P_9OnfKy9_CbZaNU2tZbwI7xr2hem9Vz8yRFd98-nf6S0f9ejB38d2XVPUNeGaptyrv_lg0MrA2qMsU8jW2KtQtzTR0UUCT1Qcgws26TgadaSGb-RzTC2WIQGhwfwWLTM-dxAf/s320/Treatment+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Management of colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a> relies primarily on surgical removal of the tumor and some of the surrounding tissues. The need for further treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy is determined upon evaluation of the resected cancer. Surgery is the oldest method of treating this cancer with the idea being complete removal of the cancer from the body. Cure is possible in cases where the cancer is limited to the bowel, with no spread to the other tissues. Surgery is done in the hospital and under general anesthesia. Patients may stay in the hospital for 7-10 days after surgery. Chemotherapy may be needed, as indicated by the stage of the illness, and patient's overall condition.<br />
<br />
In the laboratory, the pathologist will examine the margins the removed piece of bowel. He will also determine the depth of penetration of the cancer as well as any lymph node involvement. This is referred to as Pathological Staging. The need for further treatment is dependent on the full staging of the cancer.<br />
<br />
Treatment depends on many things, including the stage of the cancer. In general, treatments may include:<br />
<ul><li>Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells</li>
<li>Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue</li>
<li>Surgery (most often a colectomy) to remove cancer cells</li>
</ul>* <b>Chemotherapy</b><br />
<br />
Almost all patients with stage III colon cancer should receive chemotherapy after surgery for approximately 6 - 8 months. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil has been shown to increase the chance of a cure in certain patients.<br />
<br />
Chemotherapy is also used to improve symptoms and prolong survival in patients with stage IV colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Irinotecan, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and 5-fluorouracil are the three most commonly used drugs.</li>
<li>Monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), bevacizumab (Avastin), and other drugs have been used alone or in combination with chemotherapy.</li>
</ul>You may receive just one type, or a combination of these drugs. There is some debate as to whether patients with stage II colon cancer should receive chemotherapy after surgery. You should discuss this with your oncologist.<br />
<br />
** <b>Radiation</b><br />
<br />
Although radiation therapy is occasionally used in patients with colon cancer, it is usually used in combination with chemotherapy for patients with stage III rectal cancer.<br />
<br />
For patients with stage IV disease that has spread to the liver, various treatments directed specifically at the liver can be used. This may include:<br />
<ul><li>Burning the cancer (ablation)</li>
<li>Delivering chemotherapy or radiation directly into the liver</li>
<li>Freezing the cancer (cryotherapy)</li>
<li>Surgery</li>
</ul>*** <b>Surgery</b><br />
<br />
Stage 0 colon cancer may be treated by removing the cancer cells, often during a colonoscopy. For stages I, II, and III cancer, more extensive surgery is needed to remove the part of the colon that is cancerous.</div></div>

Treatment of Colon Cancer

Management of colon cancer relies primarily on surgical removal of the tumor and some of the surrounding tissues. The need for further trea...

Staging of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 2:47 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">There are actually 2 types of staging for colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a>:<br />
<ol><li>The clinical stage is your doctor's best estimate of the extent of your disease, based on the results of the physical exam, biopsy, and any imaging tests you have had.</li>
<li>If you have surgery, your doctor can also determine the pathologic stage, which is based on the same factors as the clinical stage, plus what is found as a result of the surgery.</li>
</ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwXsbiPgP_LtMx9Mrx4JFEVAEaron4G_cvJKn9nFHRfDo7-eU47oxx01mxn0oVLpoFm6Yx-dDuj6TQahbEDzMlkxfi0d7a7dlhh3yUNUG9rcFEB7593MTMw4SzhUuzeum4VSTXzOPOqZv/s1600/Staging+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwXsbiPgP_LtMx9Mrx4JFEVAEaron4G_cvJKn9nFHRfDo7-eU47oxx01mxn0oVLpoFm6Yx-dDuj6TQahbEDzMlkxfi0d7a7dlhh3yUNUG9rcFEB7593MTMw4SzhUuzeum4VSTXzOPOqZv/s320/Staging+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>   The clinical and pathologic stages may be different in some cases. For example, during surgery the doctor may find cancer in an area that did not show up on imaging tests, which might give the cancer a more advanced pathologic stage.<br />
<br />
Most patients with colon cancer have surgery, so the pathologic stage is most often used when describing the extent of this cancer. Pathologic staging is likely to be more accurate than clinical staging, as it allows your doctor to get a firsthand impression of the extent of your disease.<br />
<br />
<u><b>AJCC (TNM) Staging System</b></u><br />
<br />
A staging system is a standardized way in which the cancer care team describes the extent of the cancer. The most commonly used staging system for colon cancer is that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), sometimes also known as the TNM system. Older staging systems for colon cancer, such as the Dukes and Astler-Coller systems, are mentioned briefly below for comparison. The TNM system describes 3 key pieces of information:<br />
<ol><li>T describes how far the main (primary) tumor has grown into the wall of the intestine and whether it has grown into nearby areas.</li>
<li>N describes the extent of spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells that are important in fighting infections.</li>
<li>M indicates whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs of the body. (colon cancer can spread almost anywhere in the body, but the most common sites of spread are the liver and lungs.)</li>
</ol>Numbers or letters appear after T, N, and M to provide more details about each of these factors. The numbers 0 through 4 indicate increasing severity. The letter X means "cannot be assessed because the information is not available."<br />
<br />
1. <b>T categories for colon cancer</b><br />
<br />
T categories of colon cancer describe the extent of spread through the layers that form the wall of the colon and rectum. These layers, from the inner to the outer, include:<br />
<ul><li>A thick muscle layer (muscularis propria) that contracts to force the contents of the intestines along</li>
<li>A thin muscle layer (muscularis mucosa)</li>
<li>The fibrous tissue beneath this muscle layer (submucosa)</li>
<li>The inner lining (mucosa)</li>
<li>The thin, outermost layers of connective tissue (subserosa and serosa) that cover most of the colon but not the rectum</li>
</ul>Tx: No description of the tumor's extent is possible because of incomplete information.<br />
<br />
Tis: The cancer is in the earliest stage (in situ). It involves only the mucosa. It has not grown beyond the muscularis mucosa (inner muscle layer).<br />
<br />
T1: The cancer has grown through the muscularis mucosa and extends into the submucosa.<br />
<br />
T2: The cancer has grown through the submucosa and extends into the muscularis propria (thick outer muscle layer).<br />
<br />
T3: The cancer has grown through the muscularis propria and into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum but not through them. It has not reached any nearby organs or tissues.<br />
<br />
T4a: The cancer has grown through the serosa (also known as the visceral peritoneum), the outermost lining of the intestines.<br />
<br />
T4b: The cancer has grown through the wall of the colon or rectum and is attached to or invades into nearby tissues or organs.<br />
<br />
2. <b>N categories for colon cancer</b><br />
<br />
N categories indicate whether or not the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and, if so, how many lymph nodes are involved. To get an accurate idea about lymph node involvement, most doctors recommend that at least 12 lymph nodes be removed during surgery and looked at under a microscope.<br />
<br />
Nx: No description of lymph node involvement is possible because of incomplete information.<br />
<br />
N0: No cancer in nearby lymph nodes.<br />
<br />
N1: Cancer cells are found in or near 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes<br />
<ul><li>N1a: Cancer cells are found in 1 nearby lymph node.</li>
<li>N1b: Cancer cells are found in 2 to 3 nearby lymph nodes.</li>
<li>N1c: Small deposits of cancer cells are found in areas of fat near lymph nodes, but not in the lymph nodes themselves.</li>
</ul>N2: Cancer cells are found in 4 or more nearby lymph nodes<br />
<ul><li>N2a: Cancer cells are found in 4 to 6 nearby lymph nodes.</li>
<li>N2b: Cancer cells are found in 7 or more nearby lymph nodes.</li>
</ul><br />
3. <b>M categories for colon cancer</b><br />
<br />
M categories indicate whether or not the cancer has spread (metastasized) to distant organs, such as the liver, lungs, or distant lymph nodes.<br />
<br />
M0: No distant spread is seen.<br />
<br />
M1a: The cancer has spread to 1 distant organ or set of distant lymph nodes.<br />
<br />
M1b: The cancer has spread to more than 1 distant organ or set of distant lymph nodes, or it has spread to distant parts of the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity).<br />
<br />
<h2>Stage grouping</h2><div><br />
</div>Once a person's T, N, and M categories have been determined, usually after surgery, this information is combined in a process called stage grouping. The stage is expressed in Roman numerals from stage I (the least advanced) to stage IV (the most advanced). Some stages are subdivided with letters.<br />
<br />
- Stage 0<br />
Tis, N0, M0: The cancer is in the earliest stage. It has not grown beyond the inner layer (mucosa) of the colon or rectum. This stage is also known as carcinoma in situ or intramucosal carcinoma.<br />
<br />
- Stage I<br />
T1-T2, N0, M0: The cancer has grown through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa (T1) or it may also have grown into the muscularis propria (T2). It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites.<br />
<br />
- Stage IIA<br />
T3, N0, M0: The cancer has grown into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum but has not gone through them (T3). It has not reached nearby organs. It has not yet spread to the nearby lymph nodes or distant sites.<br />
<br />
- Stage IIB<br />
T4a, N0, M0: The cancer has grown through the wall of the colon or rectum but has not grown into other nearby tissues or organs (T4a). It has not yet spread to the nearby lymph nodes or distant sites.<br />
<br />
- Stage IIC<br />
T4b, N0, M0: The cancer has grown through the wall of the colon or rectum and is attached to or has grown into other nearby tissues or organs (T4b). It has not yet spread to the nearby lymph nodes or distant sites.<br />
<br />
- Stage IIIA<br />
One of the following applies.<br />
<ul><li>T1-T2, N1, M0: The cancer has grown through the mucosa into the submucosa (T1) and it may also have grown into the muscularis propria (T2). It has spread to 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes (N1a/N1b) or into areas of fat near the lymph nodes but not the nodes themselves (N1c). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
<li>T1, N2a, M0: The cancer has grown through the mucosa into the submucosa (T1). It has spread to 4 to 6 nearby lymph nodes (N2a). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
</ul>- Stage IIIB<br />
One of the following applies.<br />
<ul><li>T3-T4a, N1, M0: The cancer has grown into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum (T3) or through the visceral peritoneum (T4a) but has not reached nearby organs. It has spread to 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes (N1a/N1b) or into areas of fat near the lymph nodes but not the nodes themselves (N1c). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
<li>T2-T3, N2a, M0: The cancer has grown into the muscularis propria (T2) or into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum (T3). It has spread to 4 to 6 nearby lymph nodes (N2a). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
<li>T1-T2, N2b, M0: The cancer has grown through the mucosa into the submucosa (T1) or it may also have grown into the muscularis propria (T2). It has spread to 7 or more nearby lymph nodes (N2b). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
</ul>- Stage IIIC<br />
One of the following applies.<br />
<ul><li>T4a, N2a, M0: The cancer has grown through the wall of the colon or rectum (including the visceral peritoneum) but has not reached nearby organs (T4a). It has spread to 4 to 6 nearby lymph nodes (N2a). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
<li>T3-T4a, N2b, M0: The cancer has grown into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum (T3) or through the visceral peritoneum (T4a) but has not reached nearby organs. It has spread to 7 or more nearby lymph nodes (N2b). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
<li>T4b, N1-N2, M0: The cancer has grown through the wall of the colon or rectum and is attached to or has grown into other nearby tissues or organs (T4b). It has spread to at least one nearby lymph node or into areas of fat near the lymph nodes (N1 or N2). It has not spread to distant sites.</li>
</ul>- Stage IVA<br />
Any T, Any N, M1a: The cancer may or may not have grown through the wall of the colon or rectum, and it may or may not have spread to nearby lymph nodes. It has spread to 1 distant organ (such as the liver or lung) or set of lymph nodes (M1a).<br />
<br />
- Stage IVB<br />
Any T, Any N, M1b: The cancer may or may not have grown through the wall of the colon or rectum, and it may or may not have spread to nearby lymph nodes. It has spread to more than 1 distant organ (such as the liver or lung) or set of lymph nodes, or it has spread to distant parts of the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) (M1b).</div></div>

Staging of Colon Cancer

There are actually 2 types of staging for colon cancer : The clinical stage is your doctor's best estimate of the extent of your diseas...

Screening and Diagnosis of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 1:41 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r499liA5meosCXb6rC7OlFMZBiD4q93u9OW6NxnTFJEYFk4-xbpigmaMxYZDsBSfb_dPalUwVP4bYEoHe4lcB1UIzE5Av3PsaS6L-IFvFWT-pooFR_H6Mpag2ORqUf2Dxxz9j7PoXYdR/s1600/Screening+and+Diagnosis+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r499liA5meosCXb6rC7OlFMZBiD4q93u9OW6NxnTFJEYFk4-xbpigmaMxYZDsBSfb_dPalUwVP4bYEoHe4lcB1UIzE5Av3PsaS6L-IFvFWT-pooFR_H6Mpag2ORqUf2Dxxz9j7PoXYdR/s320/Screening+and+Diagnosis+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a> may be detected in its very early stages by any of the following screening tests:<br />
<ol><li>Digital Rectal Examination is very simple to perform and can detect lesions in rectum and prostate. It should be done in a routine physical exam for adults. The physician examines the area by inserting his finger inside the rectum and feeling for abnormalities.</li>
<li>Flexible Sigmoidoscopy is a simple test that has a higher accuracy in detecting lower colon and rectal cancer. A tube is inserted inside the rectum and advanced into lower part of the large bowel. The performing physician can look for any abnormalities and take a biopsy from the abnormal area. Almost 50% of colon cancers are detected with this procedure.</li>
<li>Stool Occult Blood Test. Annual screening for colon cancer with a stool occult blood test for adults over age 50 is a must. Incidence of this cancer rises with age. This test is a rather simple test. Small amounts of stool are placed on a paper card and delivered to the physician's office for testing. A positive test mandates a complete work-up, including a Colonoscopy.</li>
</ol>When colon cancer is suspected, a careful workup should be done to establish the diagnosis or to rule it out. It is empirical to visualize the entire colon and rectum. This is achieved by:<br />
<ul><li>Barium Enema - A radiological study wherein patients are given a barium enema followed by a series of x-rays of the abdomen.</li>
<li>Colonoscopy -This is by far the best method for evaluating the colon area. Biopsies can be taken of any abnormal areas at the same time. A diagnosis is established by laboratory examination of the cancer tissue.</li>
</ul></div></div>

Screening and Diagnosis of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer may be detected in its very early stages by any of the following screening tests: Digital Rectal Examination is very simple t...

Signs and Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 1:28 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">Signs and symptoms of colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a> come in two general varieties:<br />
<br />
1. <b>Local Colon Cancer</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgcffODcCknOFF0T9SA7iV9pBVirYwKEuyWxEE9SY97JO1nyj-9aBk8ArwYViQOVa0LLceALqgMd6K097m6XQWjTO_reicsgJOFnVZWf1IKGwmj8o-D_MKf4DopkWOlbOfli2wlqEO79-o/s1600/Signs+and+Symptoms+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgcffODcCknOFF0T9SA7iV9pBVirYwKEuyWxEE9SY97JO1nyj-9aBk8ArwYViQOVa0LLceALqgMd6K097m6XQWjTO_reicsgJOFnVZWf1IKGwmj8o-D_MKf4DopkWOlbOfli2wlqEO79-o/s320/Signs+and+Symptoms+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Symptoms Local colon cancer symptoms affect your bathroom habits and the colon itself. Some of the more common local symptoms of colon cancer include:<br />
<ul><li>Abdominal (midsection) discomfort, bloating, frequent gas pains, or cramps</li>
<li>Bright red or dark red blood in your stools or black, dark colored, "tarry" stools</li>
<li>Changes in your bowel habits, such as bowel movements that are either more or less frequent than normal</li>
<li>Constipation (difficulty having a bowel movement or straining to have a bowel movement)</li>
<li>Diarrhea (loose or watery stools)</li>
<li>Intermittent (alternating) constipation and diarrhea</li>
<li>Stools that are thinner than normal ("pencil stools") or feeling as if you cannot empty your bowels completely</li>
</ul><br />
2. <b>Systemic Colon Cancer</b><br />
<br />
Symptoms Systemic colon cancer symptoms are those that affect your whole body, such as weight loss, and include:<br />
<ul><li>Anemia (low red blood cell count or low iron in your red blood cells)</li>
<li>Jaundice (yellow color to the skin and whites of the eyes)</li>
<li>Loss of appetite</li>
<li>Nausea or vomiting</li>
<li>Unexplained fatigue (extreme tiredness)</li>
<li>Unintentional weight loss (losing weight when not dieting or trying to lose weight)</li>
</ul>Many people with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. When symptoms appear, they'll likely vary, depending on the cancer's size and location in your large intestine.<br />
<br />
<b>When to see a doctor</b><br />
<br />
If you notice any symptoms of colon cancer, such as blood in your stool or a persistent change in bowel habits, make an appointment with your doctor.<br />
<br />
Talk to your doctor about when you should begin screening for colon cancer. Guidelines generally recommend colon cancer screenings begin at age 50. Your doctor may recommend more frequent or earlier screening if you have other risk factors, such as a family history of the disease.<br />
<br />
<b>Preparing for Colon Cancer Tests</b><br />
<br />
If you are worried about preparing for your colon cancer tests, ask your doctor about how best to get ready for any procedures. There are different medications for clearing your colon of stool to ensure a good screening. There is no reason to suffer in silence!</div></div>

Signs and Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Signs and symptoms of colon cancer come in two general varieties: 1. Local Colon Cancer Symptoms Local colon cancer symptoms affect you...

Risk Factors of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 12:53 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6FxvfTULl-mrglvORNduYhoXZn7GwpKL0L2i22iMvfZKLvQiw_W2jisqL7pORbaFLHaz8ly3DgMrB5qDKpb4gI0-AaOHRsJZjjSF_zdNnjRL21oRVFq94BCSmgc8L3fC2zNSq835gCyb4/s1600/Risk+Factors+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6FxvfTULl-mrglvORNduYhoXZn7GwpKL0L2i22iMvfZKLvQiw_W2jisqL7pORbaFLHaz8ly3DgMrB5qDKpb4gI0-AaOHRsJZjjSF_zdNnjRL21oRVFq94BCSmgc8L3fC2zNSq835gCyb4/s320/Risk+Factors+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Although the exact cause of colon <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">cancer</a> is not known, there are some factors that increase a person's risk of developing the disease. These include:<br />
<ul><li>A sedentary lifestyle</li>
</ul>If you're inactive, you're more likely to develop colon cancer. Getting regular physical activity may reduce your risk of colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>African-American race</li>
</ul>African- Americans have a greater risk of colon cancer than do people of other races.<br />
<ul><li>Age</li>
</ul>The risk of developing colon cancer increases as we age. The disease is more common in people over 50, and the chance of getting colon cancer increases with each decade. However, colon cancer has also been known to develop in younger people.<br />
<ul><li>Alcohol</li>
</ul>Heavy use of alcohol may increase your risk of colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Diabetes</li>
</ul>People with diabetes have a 30-40% increased risk of developing colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Diet</li>
</ul>A diet high in fat and calories and low in fiber may be linked to a greater risk of developing colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Family history</li>
</ul>Parents, siblings, and children of a person who has had colon cancer are somewhat more likely to develop colon cancer themselves. If many family members have had colon cancer, the risk increases even more. A family history of familial polyposis, adenomatous polyps, or hereditary polyp syndrome also increases the risk as does a syndrome known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, or HNPCC. This latter syndrome also increases the risk for other cancers as well.<br />
<ul><li>Gender</li>
</ul>The risk overall are equal, but women have a higher risk for colon cancer, while men are more likely to develop rectal cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Inflammatory intestinal conditions</li>
</ul>Chronic inflammatory diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can increase your risk of colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Inherited syndromes that increase colon cancer risk</li>
</ul>Genetic syndromes passed through generations of your family can increase your risk of colon cancer. These syndromes include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, which is also known as Lynch syndrome.<br />
<ul><li>Personal history</li>
</ul>Research shows that women who have a history of ovarian, uterine, or breast cancer have a somewhat increased risk of developing colon cancer. Also, a person who already has had colon cancer may develop the disease a second time. In addition, people who have chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, also are at higher risk of developing colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Polyps</li>
</ul>Polyps are non- cancerous growths on the inner wall of the colon or rectum. While they are fairly common in people over 50, one type of polyp, referred to as an adenoma, increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Adenomas are non-cancerous polyps that are considered precursors, or the first step toward colon and rectal cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Radiation therapy for cancer</li>
</ul>Radiation therapy directed at the abdomen to treat previous cancers may increase the risk of colon cancer.<br />
<ul><li>Smoking</li>
</ul>People who smoke cigarettes may have an increased risk of colon cancer.</div></div>

Risk Factors of Colon Cancer

Although the exact cause of colon cancer is not known, there are some factors that increase a person's risk of developing the disease. ...

Definition and Description of Colon Cancer

Gaptek_ancorez colon cancer 2:09 PM

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Definition</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCxrdngYeX3DBLtprqhL3CjPo1UC7gz7MlEGvLPYFDX-UrVltoqOFqiV0hlXlAD-0CcFgBkoiqv2oAHJRwPZIMRCRjkgk20Sgtxn_odvCtbZrtVZ9kwnyeg5-Z0fTEivZGGq1mA1XA5TbM/s1600/Definition+and+Description+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCxrdngYeX3DBLtprqhL3CjPo1UC7gz7MlEGvLPYFDX-UrVltoqOFqiV0hlXlAD-0CcFgBkoiqv2oAHJRwPZIMRCRjkgk20Sgtxn_odvCtbZrtVZ9kwnyeg5-Z0fTEivZGGq1mA1XA5TbM/s320/Definition+and+Description+of+Colon+Cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Our bodies are made up of billions of cells that grow, divide, and then die in a predictable manner. <a href="http://cancer-666.blogspot.com/">Cancer</a> occurs when something goes wrong with this system, causing uncontrolled cell division and growth. Cancer cells lump together and form a mass of extra tissue, also known as a cancerous tumor. When cancer cells are present in the colon, it's referred to as colon cancer.<br />
<br />
Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they're often referred to as colorectal cancers.<br />
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Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time some of these polyps become colon cancers.<br />
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Polyps may be small and produce few, if any, symptoms. For this reason, doctors recommend regular screening tests to help prevent colon cancer by identifying polyps before they become colon cancer.<br />
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<b>Description</b><br />
<br />
The colon is a tubular organ beginning in the right lower abdomen. It ascends on the right side of the abdomen, traverses from right to left in the upper abdomen, descends vertically down the left side, takes an S-shaped curve in the lower left abdomen, and then flows into the rectum as it leaves the abdomen for the pelvis.<br />
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These portions of the colon are named separately though they are part of the same organ:<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Ascending colon, the right vertical ascent of the colon</li>
<li>Cecum, the beginning of the colon</li>
<li>Descending colon, the left vertical descent of the colon</li>
<li>Sigmoid colon, the s-shaped segment of colon above the pelvis</li>
<li>Transverse colon, the portion traversing from right to left</li>
</ul><br />
These portions of the colon are recognized anatomically based on the arterial blood supply and venous and lymphatic drainage of these segments of the colon. Lymph, a protein-rich fluid that bathes the cells of the body, is transported in small channels known as lymphatics that run alongside the veins of the colon. Lymph nodes are small filters through which the lymph travels on its way back to the bloodstream. Cancer can spread elsewhere in the body by invading the lymph and vascular systems. Therefore, these anatomic considerations become very important in the treatment of colon cancer.<br />
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The small intestine is the continuation of the upper gastrointestinal tract that is responsible for carrying ingested nutrients into the body. The waste left after the small intestine has finished absorbing nutrients amounts to a few liters (about the same as quart) of material per day and is directly delivered to the colon (at the cecum) for processing. The colon is responsible for the preservation of fluid and electrolytes as it propels the increasingly solid waste toward the rectum and anus for excretion.<br />
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When cells lining the colon become malignant, they first grow locally and may invade partially or totally through the wall of the bowel and even into adjacent structures and organs. In the process, the tumor can penetrate and invade the lymphatics or the capillaries locally and gain access to the circulation. As the malignant cells work their way to other areas of the body, they again become locally invasive in the new area to which they have spread. These tumor deposits, originating in the colon primary tumor, are then known as metastases. If metastases are found in the regional lymph nodes from the primary, they are known as regional metastases or regional nodal metastases. If they are distant from the primary tumor, they are known as distant metastases. The patient with distant metastases has systemic disease. Thus, the cancer originating in the colon begins locally and, given time, can become systemic.<br />
<br />
By the time the primary is originally detected, it is usually larger than 0.4 in (1 cm) in size and has over one million cells. This amount of growth itself is estimated to take about three to seven years. Each time the cells double in number, the size of the tumor quadruples. Thus, like most cancers, the part that is identified clinically is later in the progression than would be desired and screening becomes a very important endeavor to aid in earlier detection of this disease.<br />
<br />
There are at least 100,000 cases of colon cancer diagnosed per year in the United States. Together, colon and rectal cancers account for 10% of cancers in men and 11% of cancers in women. It is the second most common site-specific cancer affecting both men and women. A 2003 study reported that for unknown reasons, women are more likely to have advanced colon cancer at diagnosis than men. Nearly 57,000 people died from colon and rectal cancer in the United States in 2003. In recent years the incidence of this disease has decreased slightly, as has the mortality rate. It is difficult to tell if the decrease in mortality reflects earlier diagnosis, less death related to the actual treatment of the disease, or a combination of both factors.<br />
<br />
Cancer of the colon is thought to arise sporadically in about 80% of those who develop the disease. Twenty percent of people are thought to have genetic predisposition, meaning their genes carry a trigger for the disease. Development of colon cancer at an early age, or at multiple sites, or recurrent colon cancer, suggests a genetically transmitted form of the disease as opposed to the sporadic form.</div></div>

Definition and Description of Colon Cancer

Definition Our bodies are made up of billions of cells that grow, divide, and then die in a predictable manner. Cancer occurs when someth...

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